Despite its centralist tendencies and focus on French as the only official language of the republic, France has, especially over the last 30 years, adopted laws, decrees, and regulations that allow for the inclusion and expansion of Basque language education. Thus, the choice of learning Basque or in Basque can be made in the Northern Basque Country or Iparralde (the French part of the Basque Country), even though it is not a mandatory part of the curriculum at any level. Basque is spoken by approximately 20% of the population of Iparralde, and, at the time of writing this dossier, around one third of all pupils were following Basque language classes (48% in pre-school, 40% in primary school, 23% in secondary school, and 5% in vocational training), most of whom through bilingual, fully or partially immersive education. The number of pupils following these types of education has steadily increased over the last few decades, even though, at the same time, the number of productive French-Basque bilinguals has decreased. The introduction of Basque into a school’s curriculum mainly depends on the proportion of parents demanding such a step.